The US Dollar (USD) is in the green as it recovers earlier losses from Tuesday. The US Dollar Index (DXY) jumped higher, back above 104 after the Wall Street Journal reported a shift in the US Fed futures where suddenly a rate hike has become a possibility. The reason for this repricing is a wage report in the Eurozone from the European Central Bank (ECB) that revealed higher wages are still broad based and will result in more longer-term sticky inflation.
On the economic data front, traders are bracing for the release of the Fed Minutes later this evening. Together with the report of the Wall Street Journal it shows how fragile the market is currently pricing in any possibility whatsoever when it comes to rate policies. Traders will be even more looking for clues in the Minutes on whether the Fed will cut ahead of the summer, over the summer, or will not cut at all and might even hike.
The US Dollar Index (DXY) is clawing back with traders bracing for the Fed Minutes later this evening. An additional element that is underpinning the DXY is that suddenly rumours on a possible rate hike from the Fed in the coming three months are showing up in the possibilities. This would mean a widening of the rate differential between the US Dollar and other currencies, which would mean the DXY could soar to 106 within three months, should that rate hike materialise.
Should the US Dollar jump to 105.00 on the back of the Fed Minutes, 105.12 is a key level to keep an eye on. One step beyond there comes 105.88, the high of November 2023. Ultimately, 107.20 – the high of 2023 – could even come back into scope, but that would be when several inflation measures are coming in higher than expected for several weeks in a row.
The 100-day Simple Moving Average looks to be getting chopped up again, though the DXY looks to be drawn to it each time it snaps below 104.13 The 200-day SMA near 103.72 looks more solid as a support. Should that give way, look for support from the 55-day SMA near 103.17.
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022.
Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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