Gold price (XAU/USD) softens near $2,500 on Monday during the early Asian trading hours, pressured by the stronger US Dollar (USD). However, the downside of the yellow metal might be limited as a September interest rate cut by the US Federal Reserve (Fed) remains in play.
The Commerce Department revealed on Friday that the US Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index rose 0.2% MoM in July, matching the market expectation. On a yearly basis, the PCE inflation remained unchanged at 2.5% in July. Meanwhile, the core PCE, excluding volatile food and energy prices, increased 0.2% for the month but rose 2.6% from a year ago. The annual figure was slightly softer than the 2.7% expected.
Alex Ebkarian, chief operating officer at Allegiance Gold, said that the PCE report confirmed inflation is no longer the Fed's main concern, as they have shifted their focus to unemployment data, which further validates the potential rate cuts in September.
Traders slightly raised bets of a 25 basis points (bps) rate cut by the Fed in September to around 70%, with a 50 bps reduction possibility standing at 30% following the PCE inflation report, according to the CME FedWatch tool. The firmer Fed rate cut expectation is likely to support the Gold price in the near term as lower interest rates reduce the opportunity cost of holding non-yielding gold.
Israel’s largest labor group is planning a nationwide strike on Monday, the strongest push yet to force the government into a Gaza cease-fire and secure the release of hostages held by Hamas, per Bloomberg. Investors will closely watch the developments surrounding the conflicts in the Middle East. Any signs of escalating tensions in the region could boost the safe-haven demand, benefiting the Gold Price.
However, physical gold demand concerns and the sluggish economy in China might cap the precious metal’s upside as China is the world’s top buyer for Gold. The Chinese Caixin Manufacturing PMI for August is due on Monday, and is estimated to improve to 50.0 versus 49.8 prior. The weaker-than-expected outcome could weigh on the XAU/USD price.
Gold has played a key role in human’s history as it has been widely used as a store of value and medium of exchange. Currently, apart from its shine and usage for jewelry, the precious metal is widely seen as a safe-haven asset, meaning that it is considered a good investment during turbulent times. Gold is also widely seen as a hedge against inflation and against depreciating currencies as it doesn’t rely on any specific issuer or government.
Central banks are the biggest Gold holders. In their aim to support their currencies in turbulent times, central banks tend to diversify their reserves and buy Gold to improve the perceived strength of the economy and the currency. High Gold reserves can be a source of trust for a country’s solvency. Central banks added 1,136 tonnes of Gold worth around $70 billion to their reserves in 2022, according to data from the World Gold Council. This is the highest yearly purchase since records began. Central banks from emerging economies such as China, India and Turkey are quickly increasing their Gold reserves.
Gold has an inverse correlation with the US Dollar and US Treasuries, which are both major reserve and safe-haven assets. When the Dollar depreciates, Gold tends to rise, enabling investors and central banks to diversify their assets in turbulent times. Gold is also inversely correlated with risk assets. A rally in the stock market tends to weaken Gold price, while sell-offs in riskier markets tend to favor the precious metal.
The price can move due to a wide range of factors. Geopolitical instability or fears of a deep recession can quickly make Gold price escalate due to its safe-haven status. As a yield-less asset, Gold tends to rise with lower interest rates, while higher cost of money usually weighs down on the yellow metal. Still, most moves depend on how the US Dollar (USD) behaves as the asset is priced in dollars (XAU/USD). A strong Dollar tends to keep the price of Gold controlled, whereas a weaker Dollar is likely to push Gold prices up.
The AUD/USD pair posts modest gains near 0.6770 after retreating from Friday’s high of 0.6815 during the early Asian session on Monday. However, the firmer US dollar after the US July's Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Index might drag AUD/USD lower. The release of US Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) for August on Friday will be in the spotlight and might offer some hints about the size and pace of US interest rate reduction by the US Federal Reserve (Fed).
Data released by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis on Friday showed that the US headline Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Price Index rose 2.5% YoY in July, compared to the previous reading of 2.5%, softer than the estimation of 2.6%. The core PCE, which strips out volatile food and energy prices, climbed 2.6% YoY in July versus 2.6% prior, below the consensus of 2.7%.
The PCE reading may not have been dovish enough to convince the Fed to start with a 50 basis points (bps) cut, lifting the Greenback. The report comes with the market's pricing in nearly a 70% probability of the Fed cutting rates by 25 bps in September, while the chance of the Fed cutting rates by 50 bps is 30%, according to the CME FedWatch Tools.
On the other hand, the monetary policy divergence between the dovish Fed and the hawkish Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) might limit the pair's downside in the near term. The RBA deputy governor Andrew Hauser stated on Friday that the Australian central bank will not follow the Fed and cut interest rates this year as inflation remains high and the 4.35% cash rate is not very high by global standards.
Elsewhere, the Chinese NBS Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) was mixed in August. The country’s Manufacturing PMI declined to 49.1 in August, compared to 49.54 in the previous reading, missing the market expectation of 49.5. Meanwhile, Non-Manufacturing PMI improved to 50.3 in August versus 50.2 prior, above the 50.0 estimated.
Investors will shift their attention to the Chinese Caixin Manufacturing PMI for August, which is due on Monday. The weaker-than-expected outcome could drag the China-proxy Australian Dollar (AUD) lower as China is a major trading partner to Australia.
One of the most significant factors for the Australian Dollar (AUD) is the level of interest rates set by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). Because Australia is a resource-rich country another key driver is the price of its biggest export, Iron Ore. The health of the Chinese economy, its largest trading partner, is a factor, as well as inflation in Australia, its growth rate and Trade Balance. Market sentiment – whether investors are taking on more risky assets (risk-on) or seeking safe-havens (risk-off) – is also a factor, with risk-on positive for AUD.
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) influences the Australian Dollar (AUD) by setting the level of interest rates that Australian banks can lend to each other. This influences the level of interest rates in the economy as a whole. The main goal of the RBA is to maintain a stable inflation rate of 2-3% by adjusting interest rates up or down. Relatively high interest rates compared to other major central banks support the AUD, and the opposite for relatively low. The RBA can also use quantitative easing and tightening to influence credit conditions, with the former AUD-negative and the latter AUD-positive.
China is Australia’s largest trading partner so the health of the Chinese economy is a major influence on the value of the Australian Dollar (AUD). When the Chinese economy is doing well it purchases more raw materials, goods and services from Australia, lifting demand for the AUD, and pushing up its value. The opposite is the case when the Chinese economy is not growing as fast as expected. Positive or negative surprises in Chinese growth data, therefore, often have a direct impact on the Australian Dollar and its pairs.
Iron Ore is Australia’s largest export, accounting for $118 billion a year according to data from 2021, with China as its primary destination. The price of Iron Ore, therefore, can be a driver of the Australian Dollar. Generally, if the price of Iron Ore rises, AUD also goes up, as aggregate demand for the currency increases. The opposite is the case if the price of Iron Ore falls. Higher Iron Ore prices also tend to result in a greater likelihood of a positive Trade Balance for Australia, which is also positive of the AUD.
The Trade Balance, which is the difference between what a country earns from its exports versus what it pays for its imports, is another factor that can influence the value of the Australian Dollar. If Australia produces highly sought after exports, then its currency will gain in value purely from the surplus demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase its exports versus what it spends to purchase imports. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens the AUD, with the opposite effect if the Trade Balance is negative.
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