The Indian Rupee (INR) extends its upside on the weaker US Dollar (USD) on Friday. The INR trades near the two-month highs, bolstered by likely portfolio inflows and an appreciation in the Chinese Yuan after the US Federal Reserve (Fed) began its easing cycle with an unexpected 50 basis point rate cut at its September meeting. Additionally, the USD sales likely from large foreign banks on behalf of custodial clients contribute to the local currency’s upside.
However, the further rise in crude oil prices might limit the upside for the INR as India is the third-largest oil consumer after the United States (US) and China. The Fed Philadelphia President Patrick Harker is scheduled to speak later on Friday.
The Indian Rupee trades stronger on the day. The downtrend of the USD/INR pair resumes as the pair broke below the rectangle and the key 100-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) on the daily chart. The downward momentum is supported by the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI), which stands below the midline near 32.40, supporting the sellers for the time being.
The initial support level for the pair emerges at 83.50, the low of July 17. Sustained bearish momentum could pave the way to 83.31, the low of June 18. The next cushion level is seen at the 83.00 psychological mark.
On the bright side, the 100-day EMA at 83.64 will be the immediate resistance level for USD/INR, followed by 83.75, the lower limit of the rectangle. The key upside barrier to watch is the 83.90-84.00 zone.
The Indian Rupee (INR) is one of the most sensitive currencies to external factors. The price of Crude Oil (the country is highly dependent on imported Oil), the value of the US Dollar – most trade is conducted in USD – and the level of foreign investment, are all influential. Direct intervention by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in FX markets to keep the exchange rate stable, as well as the level of interest rates set by the RBI, are further major influencing factors on the Rupee.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) actively intervenes in forex markets to maintain a stable exchange rate, to help facilitate trade. In addition, the RBI tries to maintain the inflation rate at its 4% target by adjusting interest rates. Higher interest rates usually strengthen the Rupee. This is due to the role of the ‘carry trade’ in which investors borrow in countries with lower interest rates so as to place their money in countries’ offering relatively higher interest rates and profit from the difference.
Macroeconomic factors that influence the value of the Rupee include inflation, interest rates, the economic growth rate (GDP), the balance of trade, and inflows from foreign investment. A higher growth rate can lead to more overseas investment, pushing up demand for the Rupee. A less negative balance of trade will eventually lead to a stronger Rupee. Higher interest rates, especially real rates (interest rates less inflation) are also positive for the Rupee. A risk-on environment can lead to greater inflows of Foreign Direct and Indirect Investment (FDI and FII), which also benefit the Rupee.
Higher inflation, particularly, if it is comparatively higher than India’s peers, is generally negative for the currency as it reflects devaluation through oversupply. Inflation also increases the cost of exports, leading to more Rupees being sold to purchase foreign imports, which is Rupee-negative. At the same time, higher inflation usually leads to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raising interest rates and this can be positive for the Rupee, due to increased demand from international investors. The opposite effect is true of lower inflation.
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