The EUR/USD pair struggles to capitalize on its modest intraday gains back closer to the 1.0800 mark, a fresh weekly high, and turns neutral during the first half of the European session on Thursday. Despite the recent hawkish comments by the European Central Bank (ECB) officials, expectations for an interest rate cut at the start of the second quarter have been growing stronger. This, in turn, undermines the Shared Currency, which, along with the emergence of some US Dollar (USD) dip-buying, acts as a headwind for the currency pair.
The USD Index (DXY), which tracks the Greenback against a basket of currencies, for now, seems to have stalled its retracement slide from the highest level since November 14 touched earlier this week amid the Federal Reserve's (Fed) less dovish outlook. Adding to this, a slew of influential FOMC members recently and the incoming robust US economic data smashed expectations for early interest rate cuts. This remains supportive of elevated US Treasury bond yields, which help revive the USD demand and cap gains for the EUR/USD pair.
The markets, however, are still pricing in five rate cuts over the course of the seven remaining FOMC policy meetings this year. This might hold back the USD bulls from placing aggressive bets and help limit the downside for the EUR/USD pair. Traders now look to the release of the US Weekly Initial Jobless Claims data, which, along with scheduled speeches by Richmond Fed President Thomas Barkin, might provide some impetus. The market focus, meanwhile, remains glued to the latest US consumer inflation figures, due next week.
From a technical perspective, the EUR/USD pair continues with its struggle to make it through the 100-day Simple Moving Average (SMA). Adding to this, the intraday pullback from the vicinity of the 1.0800 mark suggests that the recent downtrend from the December monthly swing high is still far from being over. That said, it will still be prudent to wait for some follow-through selling before positioning for any further decline.
In the meantime, the 1.0745-1.0740 area is likely to protect the immediate downside ahead of the 1.0725-1.0720 region, or the multi-month low, and the 1.0700 mark. A convincing break below the latter will be seen as a fresh trigger for bearish traders and make the EUR/USD pair vulnerable to accelerate the slide further towards the 1.0665-1.0660 support. Spot prices could eventually drop to the 1.0620-1.0615 region and the 1.0600 round figure.
On the flip side, momentum beyond the 1.0800 mark is likely to meet with a fresh supply near the very important 200-day SMA, currently pegged near the 1.0830-1.0835 region. This is closely followed by a one-month-old descending trend line, around mid-1.0800s. A sustained strength beyond the latter might shift the near-term bias in favor of bulls and prompt aggressive short-covering around the EUR/USD pair, allowing it to reclaim the 1.0900 mark.
The table below shows the percentage change of Euro (EUR) against listed major currencies this week. Euro was the strongest against the Swiss Franc.
USD | EUR | GBP | CAD | AUD | JPY | NZD | CHF | |
USD | -0.01% | -0.03% | -0.04% | -0.09% | 0.17% | -0.75% | 0.64% | |
EUR | 0.01% | -0.05% | -0.02% | -0.09% | 0.18% | -0.74% | 0.65% | |
GBP | 0.04% | 0.02% | -0.01% | -0.06% | 0.20% | -0.71% | 0.67% | |
CAD | 0.04% | 0.03% | 0.00% | -0.05% | 0.21% | -0.71% | 0.68% | |
AUD | 0.09% | 0.09% | 0.06% | 0.06% | 0.26% | -0.66% | 0.73% | |
JPY | -0.17% | -0.19% | -0.22% | -0.20% | -0.25% | -0.92% | 0.47% | |
NZD | 0.74% | 0.73% | 0.71% | 0.71% | 0.65% | 0.90% | 1.38% | |
CHF | -0.65% | -0.65% | -0.68% | -0.68% | -0.74% | -0.48% | -1.40% |
The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Euro from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the Japanese Yen, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent EUR (base)/JPY (quote).
The Euro is the currency for the 20 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day.
EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% off all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).
The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy.
The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means either controlling inflation or stimulating growth. Its primary tool is the raising or lowering of interest rates. Relatively high interest rates – or the expectation of higher rates – will usually benefit the Euro and vice versa.
The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde.
Eurozone inflation data, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), is an important econometric for the Euro. If inflation rises more than expected, especially if above the ECB’s 2% target, it obliges the ECB to raise interest rates to bring it back under control.
Relatively high interest rates compared to its counterparts will usually benefit the Euro, as it makes the region more attractive as a place for global investors to park their money.
Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact on the Euro. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the single currency.
A strong economy is good for the Euro. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the ECB to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen the Euro. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Euro is likely to fall.
Economic data for the four largest economies in the euro area (Germany, France, Italy and Spain) are especially significant, as they account for 75% of the Eurozone’s economy.
Another significant data release for the Euro is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period.
If a country produces highly sought after exports then its currency will gain in value purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.
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