The US Dollar Index (DXY) is trading neutrally at 104.15 on Wednesday, while markets assess several Federal Reserve (Fed) officials' statements to continue placing their bets on activity at the next few Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meetings.
The US Federal Reserve's hawkish hold, justified by a robust jobs report and continuous strong growth in Q1, has made dovish bets on the Fed less attractive over the past week. As a reaction, the USD strengthened on the back of rising US Treasury yields as markets are giving up on a first rate cut arriving in March.
The technical indicators on the daily chart reflect a somewhat neutral to bearish short-term momentum. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) paints a picture of weakening bullish momentum, given its negative slope, despite being in positive territory. This condition normally precedes a potential reversal or pullback as the buying force starts to lose its grip.
In the bigger picture, the Simple Moving Averages (SMAs) continue to favor the bulls. Despite the selling pressure pulling the asset below the 100-day SMA, it is comfortably residing above both the 20-day and 200-day SMAs. This demonstration implies that the overall buying force remains dominant.
These signals suggest while the buyers seem to be taking profits, further downside can be expected in the short term. But as long as the bulls defend the mentioned SMAs, the longer-term outlook will be bright.
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022.
Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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