Indian Rupee (INR) edges lower on Wednesday amid renewed US Dollar (USD) demand. The optimistic outlook in the Indian economy by domestic and overseas investors has boosted the market capitalization of Indian equities to become the fifth largest in the world, just behind Hong Kong.
The Nifty experienced a rise of 20% in 2023, with over half of the gain occurring in the last two months. This was supported by faster-than-expected quarterly growth, rising bets on Federal Reserve (Fed) rate cuts in the first half of 2024, and steady retail participation.
The Indian S&P Global Manufacturing PMI is due later on Wednesday and is estimated to ease from 56.0 in November to 55.9 in December. Nonetheless, the INR is likely to take more cues this week from moves in the US Dollar. Market players will keep an eye on the US final ISM Manufacturing PMI report and FOMC Minutes on Wednesday. On Friday, the US Nonfarm Payrolls report will be the highlight this week.
Indian Rupee trades softer on the day. The USD/INR pair continues to move in a multi-month-old trading band of 82.80–83.40. Technically, the path of least resistance of USD/INR is to the upside as the pair holds above the key 100-period Exponential Moving Average (EMA) on the daily chart. The upward momentum is supported by the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) which stands above the 50.0 midpoint.
The upper boundary of the trading range at 83.40 acts as the first upside barrier for USD/INR. Any follow-through buying above 83.40 will see a rally to the 2023 high of 83.47, en route to the 84.00 psychological figure. On the flip side, the initial contention level will emerge at 83.00. Further south, the downside target will emerge at the confluence of the lower limit of the trading range and a low of September 12 at 82.80. A breach of this level will see a drop to a low of August 11 at 82.60.
The table below shows the percentage change of US Dollar (USD) against listed major currencies today. US Dollar was the strongest against the Australian Dollar.
USD | EUR | GBP | CAD | AUD | JPY | NZD | CHF | |
USD | -0.12% | -0.09% | 0.03% | 0.09% | -0.13% | -0.18% | -0.05% | |
EUR | 0.12% | 0.02% | 0.14% | 0.20% | -0.02% | -0.08% | 0.06% | |
GBP | 0.09% | -0.02% | 0.13% | 0.19% | -0.04% | -0.10% | 0.05% | |
CAD | -0.03% | -0.14% | -0.12% | 0.05% | -0.16% | -0.21% | -0.08% | |
AUD | -0.09% | -0.19% | -0.18% | -0.06% | -0.21% | -0.28% | -0.13% | |
JPY | 0.13% | 0.00% | 0.04% | 0.16% | 0.20% | -0.07% | 0.08% | |
NZD | 0.19% | 0.08% | 0.10% | 0.23% | 0.29% | 0.06% | 0.15% | |
CHF | 0.05% | -0.05% | -0.04% | 0.08% | 0.15% | -0.08% | -0.14% |
The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Euro from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the Japanese Yen, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent EUR (base)/JPY (quote).
The Indian Rupee (INR) is one of the most sensitive currencies to external factors. The price of Crude Oil (the country is highly dependent on imported Oil), the value of the US Dollar – most trade is conducted in USD – and the level of foreign investment, are all influential. Direct intervention by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in FX markets to keep the exchange rate stable, as well as the level of interest rates set by the RBI, are further major influencing factors on the Rupee.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) actively intervenes in forex markets to maintain a stable exchange rate, to help facilitate trade. In addition, the RBI tries to maintain the inflation rate at its 4% target by adjusting interest rates. Higher interest rates usually strengthen the Rupee. This is due to the role of the ‘carry trade’ in which investors borrow in countries with lower interest rates so as to place their money in countries’ offering relatively higher interest rates and profit from the difference.
Macroeconomic factors that influence the value of the Rupee include inflation, interest rates, the economic growth rate (GDP), the balance of trade, and inflows from foreign investment. A higher growth rate can lead to more overseas investment, pushing up demand for the Rupee. A less negative balance of trade will eventually lead to a stronger Rupee. Higher interest rates, especially real rates (interest rates less inflation) are also positive for the Rupee. A risk-on environment can lead to greater inflows of Foreign Direct and Indirect Investment (FDI and FII), which also benefit the Rupee.
Higher inflation, particularly, if it is comparatively higher than India’s peers, is generally negative for the currency as it reflects devaluation through oversupply. Inflation also increases the cost of exports, leading to more Rupees being sold to purchase foreign imports, which is Rupee-negative. At the same time, higher inflation usually leads to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raising interest rates and this can be positive for the Rupee, due to increased demand from international investors. The opposite effect is true of lower inflation.
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