The US Dollar (USD) keeps churning higher this week after having a small and brief retreat on Monday. The biggest catalyst for this recovery is the bond market. Still, all eyes will be across the Atlantic on Thursday with the European Central Bank (ECB) set to issue its latest monetary policy decision, which possibly is going to trigger further US Dollar strength.
On the economic data front, no less than thirteen data points are set to be issued all at the same time, at 12:30 GMT. Amidst all that, the ECB will release its interest rate decision and statement and ECB President Christine Lagarde will give a press conference. Expect plenty of headlines to come out and very volatile moves in the US Dollar Index (DXY), in the EUR/USD pair and other major crosses where the Greenback is involved.
The US Dollar is climbing the ladder again after being in the gutter at the start of the week. The Greenback is on its way back to its throne as the DXY US Dollar Index is shooting higher and might even stretch further. Risk element hanging over a possible implosion of the DXY hangs in the balance, with the US 10-year yield flirting again with 5%.
The DXY has consolidated above 106.00 and looks to keep stretching higher. Look for a possible jump above 106.92. If this level can be reclaimed by US Dollar bulls, then look for 107.00 on the topside again.
On the downside, the recent resistance at 105.88 did not do a good job supporting any downturn and now completely has lost its importance. Instead, look for 105.12, which is a pivotal historic line and almost falls in line with the 55-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) to keep the DXY above 105.00, and which worked already quite ahead of it on Tuesday. Should this level fail to do the trick, a big air pocket could develop and see the DXY drop to 103.74, near the 100-day SMA, before finding ample support.
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022.
Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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