Gold price (XAU/USD) has revived after a knee-jerk move on Thursday, a result of the United States Consumer Price Index (CPI) report for September showing headline inflation above expectations. The precious metal recovered quickly as traders’ bets for an unchanged interest rate decision by the Federal Reserve (Fed) at its November monetary policy meeting became even more pronounced. This was due to the CPI’s core inflation reading softening in line with expectations. Headline inflation turned out hotter than consensus as higher global oil prices added to the price index.
The US Dollar and bond yields also recovered as persistent inflation data lifted the odds of one additional interest rate hike by the Fed in the remainder of 2023. The appeal for the US Dollar improves as global slowdown fears have risen due to deepening Middle East tensions. Meanwhile, investors shift focus to Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s speech, scheduled for next week, which will provide cues about the likely monetary policy action taken at the November 1 meeting.
Gold price recaptured the two-week high at $1,885.00 as the odds for an unchanged interest rate decision by the Fed at November’s monetary policy meeting remained unflinchingly high despite the CPI’s hint of continuing inflationary pressure. The precious metal seems to be stabilizing above the 20-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA), which trades around $1,873.00. The yellow metal is further approaching the 50-day EMA. Momentum oscillators recovered from the oversold zone on Friday.
Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money.
When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback.
The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions.
The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.
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