The Pound Sterling (GBP) corrected on Monday following a short-lived pullback as the Israel-Hamas conflict that began over the weekend strengthened the risk-aversion theme. The GBP/USD pair dropped sharply as the Federal Reserve (Fed) is expected to keep one more interest rate hike in consideration, while the Bank of England (BoE) may keep interest rates unchanged to phase out fears of a recession in the United Kingdom’s economy.
In the tussle against persistent inflationary pressures, the UK’s economic prospects are losing their resilience as the demand outlook deteriorates. UK firms are reluctant to raise funds at higher borrowing costs, which has reduced labor demand and overall output. The situation is expected to remain vulnerable for a longer period as the BoE vowed to keep interest rates restrictive until inflation comes down to 2%.
Pound Sterling faces selling pressure after sensing barricades near the immediate resistance of 1.2250. The appeal for the GBP/USD pair remains poor as market sentiment remains downbeat, and investors are worried about the UK’s economic prospects. The broader GBP/USD outlook dampens as the 50 and 200-day Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) have delivered a Death Cross, which warrants more downside. Potential support is placed around 1.2000.
The Bank of England (BoE) decides monetary policy for the United Kingdom. Its primary goal is to achieve ‘price stability’, or a steady inflation rate of 2%. Its tool for achieving this is via the adjustment of base lending rates. The BoE sets the rate at which it lends to commercial banks and banks lend to each other, determining the level of interest rates in the economy overall. This also impacts the value of the Pound Sterling (GBP).
When inflation is above the Bank of England’s target it responds by raising interest rates, making it more expensive for people and businesses to access credit. This is positive for the Pound Sterling because higher interest rates make the UK a more attractive place for global investors to park their money. When inflation falls below target, it is a sign economic growth is slowing, and the BoE will consider lowering interest rates to cheapen credit in the hope businesses will borrow to invest in growth-generating projects – a negative for the Pound Sterling.
In extreme situations, the Bank of England can enact a policy called Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the BoE substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. QE is a last resort policy when lowering interest rates will not achieve the necessary result. The process of QE involves the BoE printing money to buy assets – usually government or AAA-rated corporate bonds – from banks and other financial institutions. QE usually results in a weaker Pound Sterling.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse of QE, enacted when the economy is strengthening and inflation starts rising. Whilst in QE the Bank of England (BoE) purchases government and corporate bonds from financial institutions to encourage them to lend; in QT, the BoE stops buying more bonds, and stops reinvesting the principal maturing on the bonds it already holds. It is usually positive for the Pound Sterling.
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