The US Dollar (USD) is a touch softer this Thursday in a calm start of the trading days as traders will focus on the batch of important US data due later in the session. Meanwhile, the Greenback is trading very mixed on the quote board, though overall it is holding on to weekly gains. The data numbers later this Thursday are expected to fuel a substantial move in any direction.
The focal point today is at 12:30 GMT, when all metrics of the US Consumer Price Index (CPI) are about to be released to the markets. At that same time, we will see the weekly jobless statistics. The cherry on the cake is right at the end at 19:00 GMT when Federal Reserve (Fed) speakers Raphael Bostic from Atlanta and Patrick Harker from Philadelphia are due to speak and comment on Thursday’s inflation numbers and what they could mean for the central bank’s September policy meeting.
The US Dollar is giving US Dollar bulls a hard time after a good start of the week, while gains are starting to evaporate since Wednesday. Meanwhile, the US Dollar Index (DXY) is back at the lower support level that will be crucial on where the DXY will close this week. Expect the US CPI numbers to act as catalyst for any move and look for technical levels to confirm if the breakout is substantial or short-lived.
For the upside, 102.42 – where the 55-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) is located – is again in play on the upside. This level needs to be broken yet again and needs to see a full daily close above before starting to think about 103. To do so, the double peak near 102.80 needs to be broken as well and print a new monthly high.
On the downside, bears have already breached the defence line of the US Dollar bulls at 102.31 - at the 100-day SMA - earlier this Thursday. Should the US CPI numbers support a weaker Greenback, expect to see some sharp losses in a few specific pairs or crosses against the USD. Expect 102 to come under pressure, and once the low of last week at 101.75 gets breached, expect this to be the end of the DXY rally for now.
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022.
Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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