The Pound Sterling (GBP) attracts significant offers as the United Kingdom’s June inflation report has turned out much softer than expected. The GBP/USD pair slipped swiftly below the psychological support of 1.3000 after the data release, and it is expected to deliver more weakness. The monthly headline Consumer Price Index (CPI) expanded at a negligible pace of 0.1% in June as households and firms face the burden of higher interest rates from the Bank of England (BoE).
Inflationary pressures in the United Kingdom eased more than what markets expected, supported by declining prices of goods and services at factory gates and aggressively restrictive monetary policy from BoE policymakers. However, investors are still cautious over whether UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak would meet his promise of halving inflation by year-end ahead of a probable election in 2024.
Pound Sterling cracks sharply below the psychological support of 1.3000 as inflationary pressures have slowed down beyond expectations. The Cable is declining towards the 20-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA), which is trading around 1.2860 as a mean-reversion move has been triggered. The asset has continued its three-day losing streak after printing a fresh annual high of 1.3140.
The Pound Sterling (GBP) is the oldest currency in the world (886 AD) and the official currency of the United Kingdom. It is the fourth most traded unit for foreign exchange (FX) in the world, accounting for 12% of all transactions, averaging $630 billion a day, according to 2022 data.
Its key trading pairs are GBP/USD, aka ‘Cable’, which accounts for 11% of FX, GBP/JPY, or the ‘Dragon’ as it is known by traders (3%), and EUR/GBP (2%). The Pound Sterling is issued by the Bank of England (BoE).
The single most important factor influencing the value of the Pound Sterling is monetary policy decided by the Bank of England. The BoE bases its decisions on whether it has achieved its primary goal of “price stability” – a steady inflation rate of around 2%. Its primary tool for achieving this is the adjustment of interest rates.
When inflation is too high, the BoE will try to rein it in by raising interest rates, making it more expensive for people and businesses to access credit. This is generally positive for GBP, as higher interest rates make the UK a more attractive place for global investors to park their money.
When inflation falls too low it is a sign economic growth is slowing. In this scenario, the BoE will consider lowering interest rates to cheapen credit so businesses will borrow more to invest in growth-generating projects.
Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact the value of the Pound Sterling. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, and employment can all influence the direction of the GBP.
A strong economy is good for Sterling. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the BoE to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen GBP. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Pound Sterling is likely to fall.
Another significant data release for the Pound Sterling is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period.
If a country produces highly sought-after exports, its currency will benefit purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.
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