The US Dollar (USD) is continuing its slide against nearly every major currency on Tuesday. The biggest descent comes on the back of the People’s Bank of China (PBoC) latest decision which is stepping up its stimulus and rescue packages for the construction sector. The support is being applauded in the region and has pushed Chinese stocks higher while Asian currencies are in demand against the Greenback.
Out of the economic data calendar no real big events that could trigger a sudden turnaround in the tone for the US Dollar. The National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) is to issue its Optimism Index for June at 10:00 GMT, which is expected to remain elevated at 89.9. Interesting to see after the NFIB print, will be the Economic Optimism Index from the TechnoMetrica Institute of Policy and Politics (TIPP) in order to get confirmation if there really is an uptick or rather a decline in economic sentiment. That number is expected at 14:00 GMT, and comes after the speech of James Bullard, the President of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, at 13:00 GMT.
The US Dollar is continuing its decline for a fourth straight day in a row as this time Asian currencies are overpowering the Greenback. During European trading hours, the US Dollar was down nearly 0.50% against the Japanese Yen (USD/JPY), the South Korean Won (USD/KRW) and the Chinese Yuan (USD/CNY). The support and demand for Asian currencies comes from China, where the government will speed-up its promised support packages for the much battered construction sector. This boosted the belief for a speedy recovery in China and made the US Dollar Index (DXY) retreat for another day.
On the upside, look for 102.811 at the 55-day Simple Moving Average (SMA), that will have regained partially its importance after having been chopped up that much a few weeks ago. Only a few inches above the 55-day SMA, the 100-day SMA comes in at 102.96 and could create a firm area of resistance in between both moving averages. In case the DXY makes its way through that region, the high of July at 103.57 will be the level to watch for a further breakout.
On the downside, the only thing in the way to stop the DXY from hitting 101.00 is the psychological handle at 101.50. Once that level is breached, not many relevant levels to look for as it will become a quick decline to 101.00 and start testing the lows of May. Special notice for 100.75 as that level is a floor since February 2nd and could open the door for a slide below 100.00 one broken through it.
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022.
Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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