The European currency (EUR) seems to struggle to continue its weekly sharp rally and motivates EUR/USD to recede from earlier multi-week peaks near 1.0960 at the end of the week, and area last visited in mid-May.
In the meantime, risk appetite trends appears somewhat divided as investors continue to adjust to Thursday’s hawkish message from the ECB, after the central bank walked the talk and raised rates by 25 bps and signalled that more is coming at the July meeting.
On the latter, ECB Board members Joachim Nagel and Bostjan Vasle advocated earlier in the European morning for an extra 25 bps rate hike in the summer, a view that falls in line with President Christine Lagarde’s comments on Thursday.
Back at the ECB event, the bank's rate increases were underscored during the press conference, where President Lagarde dedicated a significant amount of time emphasizing factors that contribute to inflation growth, such as robust wage increases, improved profit margins, and high expectations of inflation. Although potential risks to economic growth and stricter financial conditions were acknowledged, the primary message conveyed by the ECB today was its commitment to maintain the upward trajectory of interest rates. As Lagarde mentioned, the ECB has no intention of considering a pause at the moment.
The domestic calendar will include the final inflation figures in the euro area for the month of May, whereas the preliminary Michigan Consumer Sentiment gauge will be the salient release across the pond along with speeches by St. Louis Fed James Bullard (2025 voter, hawk) and FOMC’s Christopher Waller (permanent voter, hawk).
Euro (EUR) printed a new monthly high at 1.0962 on June 16. Further gains need to rapidly clear this level to allow for a potential move to the psychological 1.1000 hurdle. North from here, the pair could challenge the 2023 high at 1.1095 (April 26), which is closely followed by the round level of 1.1100 and comes ahead of the weekly top of 1.1184 (March 31, 2022). In addition, the latter appears propped up by the proximity of the 200-week SMA, today at 1.1182.
In case bears regain the initiative, there are no contention levels of significance until the May low of 1.0635 (May 31). The breach of this level could sponsor a deeper decline to the March low of 1.0516 (March 15) seconded by the 2023 low at 1.0481 (January 6).
The Euro is the currency for the 20 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day.
EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% off all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).
The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy.
The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means either controlling inflation or stimulating growth. Its primary tool is the raising or lowering of interest rates. Relatively high interest rates – or the expectation of higher rates – will usually benefit the Euro and vice versa.
The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde.
Eurozone inflation data, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), is an important econometric for the Euro. If inflation rises more than expected, especially if above the ECB’s 2% target, it obliges the ECB to raise interest rates to bring it back under control.
Relatively high interest rates compared to its counterparts will usually benefit the Euro, as it makes the region more attractive as a place for global investors to park their money.
Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact on the Euro. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the single currency.
A strong economy is good for the Euro. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the ECB to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen the Euro. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Euro is likely to fall.
Economic data for the four largest economies in the euro area (Germany, France, Italy and Spain) are especially significant, as they account for 75% of the Eurozone’s economy.
Another significant data release for the Euro is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period.
If a country produces highly sought after exports then its currency will gain in value purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.
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