Date | Rate | Change |
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The EUR/GBP cross drifts higher to near 0.8300 during the early European session on Friday. The Pound Sterling (GBP) weakens after the downbeat UK Retail Sales data.
Data released by the Office for National Statistics on Friday showed that UK Retail Sales rose 0.2% MoM in November versus a 0.7% decline in October. This figure came in below the market consensus of a 0.5% increase. On an annual basis, Retail Sales climbed 0.5% in November, compared to a rise of 2.0% (revised from 2.4%) prior, missing the estimation of 0.8%. The GBP attracts some sellers in an immediate reaction to the downbeat UK Retail Sales and acts as a tailwind for the EUR/GBP cross.
On the Euro front, the European Central Bank (ECB) is likely to continue to lower its key interest rate next year. The ECB Governing Council member Gediminas Simkus said on Thursday that the central bank should keep lowering borrowing costs at the current pace as inflation is increasingly under control. ECB President Christine Lagarde said ECB policymakers would keep cutting interest rates if forthcoming inflation data aligns with anticipations.
The ECB will hold its first rate-setting meeting of 2025 on January 30. Investors envisage a slightly more aggressive path of the ECB easing cycle next year, which might weigh on the Euro against the GBP.
The Euro is the currency for the 19 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day. EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% off all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).
The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy. The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means either controlling inflation or stimulating growth. Its primary tool is the raising or lowering of interest rates. Relatively high interest rates – or the expectation of higher rates – will usually benefit the Euro and vice versa. The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde.
Eurozone inflation data, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), is an important econometric for the Euro. If inflation rises more than expected, especially if above the ECB’s 2% target, it obliges the ECB to raise interest rates to bring it back under control. Relatively high interest rates compared to its counterparts will usually benefit the Euro, as it makes the region more attractive as a place for global investors to park their money.
Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact on the Euro. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the single currency. A strong economy is good for the Euro. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the ECB to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen the Euro. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Euro is likely to fall. Economic data for the four largest economies in the euro area (Germany, France, Italy and Spain) are especially significant, as they account for 75% of the Eurozone’s economy.
Another significant data release for the Euro is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought after exports then its currency will gain in value purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.
The EUR/GBP pair climbs to near 0.8260 in Thursday’s North American session. The cross gains after the Bank of England’s (BoE) monetary policy announcement in which it leaves interest rates unchanged at 4.75%.
The BoE was already expected to hold its key borrowing rates steady. However, the vote split came in at 6-3 against 8-1, which suggested that more policymakers were in favor of cutting interest rates. The scenario resulted in selling pressure on the Pound Sterling (GBP). BoE external Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) members Swati Dhingra and Alan Taylor, and Deputy Governor Dave Ramsden proposed a 25-basis points (bps) interest rate reduction.
A majority of BoE officials voted for leaving interest rates steady as United Kingdom (UK) price pressures have accelerated in the past two months amid strong wage growth.
BoE Governor Andrew Bailey refrained from guiding the likely interest rate cuts next year. “Due to heightened uncertainty in the economy, we can't commit to when or by how much we will cut rates in 2025,” he said.
Going forward, investors will focus on the UK Retail Sales data for November, which will be released on Friday. On a monthly basis, UK Retail Sales are estimated to have grown by 0.5% after a 0.7% decline in October.
Meanwhile, the Euro (EUR) outperforms its major peers on Thursday even though European Central Bank (ECB) officials guide further policy easing in 2025. ECB policymakers support more interest rate cuts as Eurozone inflation is broadly under control and potential risks to economic growth have increased due to incoming tariff policies by United States (US) President-elect Donald Trump.
The latest macro indicators have all but reinforced expectations that the Bank of England (BoE) will keep rates on hold on Thursday. In this context, the EUR/GBP pair is set to stay capped below 0.8300 in the coming weeks, ING’s FX analyst Francesco Pesole notes.
“The focus will be on any tweaks to forward-looking language and the vote split (which we expect at 8-1 hold-cut). There is no press conference scheduled for this meeting. Our perception is that the BoE will try to make this announcement a non-event, offering cautious signals for further easing down the road but still highlighting stickiness in services inflation and wages.”
“We don’t see the pound being hugely impacted today, and the near-term outlook remains positive for the currency – at least until a fresh round of UK data potentially throws the latest hawkish repricing into question.”
“We see EUR/GBP staying capped below 0.8300 in the coming weeks.”
EUR/GBP halts its three-day losing streak, trading around 0.8250 during the early European hours on Thursday. The EUR/GBP cross remains in positive territory after the release of Germany's GfK Consumer Confidence Survey, which improved to -21.3 for January, up from the previously revised -23.1. The index was expected to come in at -22.5.
The upside of the EUR/GBP cross could be limited as the Euro receives downward pressure from the rising odds that the European Central Bank (ECB) will reduce interest rates at every meeting until June 2025. This sentiment is bolstered by policymakers' concerns over mounting economic risks in the Eurozone.
Speaking at the Annual Economics Conference, ECB President Christine Lagarde signaled the central bank’s readiness to implement additional rate cuts if incoming data confirms that disinflation remains on course. Lagarde also remarked that the earlier emphasis on maintaining "sufficiently restrictive" rates is no longer justified.
Additionally, the EUR/GBP cross may face challenges as the Pound Sterling (GBP) appreciates due to the increased likelihood of the Bank of England (BoE) keeping interest rates unchanged later in the day while remaining focused on addressing elevated domestic inflation.
On Wednesday, data showed that the UK Consumer Price Index (CPI) increased by 2.6% year-over-year in November following October’s 2.3% growth. Core CPI, excluding volatile food and energy items, rose 3.5% YoY in November, against its previous rise of 3.3%. Meanwhile, the annual services inflation steadied at 5.0%, below forecasts of 5.1% but above the BoE's estimate of 4.9%.
The Bank of England (BoE) announces its interest rate decision at the end of its eight scheduled meetings per year. If the BoE is hawkish about the inflationary outlook of the economy and raises interest rates it is usually bullish for the Pound Sterling (GBP). Likewise, if the BoE adopts a dovish view on the UK economy and keeps interest rates unchanged, or cuts them, it is seen as bearish for GBP.
Read more.Next release: Thu Dec 19, 2024 12:00
Frequency: Irregular
Consensus: 4.75%
Previous: 4.75%
Source: Bank of England
The Euro has given away previous gains and is practically unchanged on the daily chart as ECB speakers, Lane and Wunsch have hinted at further rate cuts by the European Central Bank.
ECB’s Chief Economist Philip Lane refused to pre-commit to any particular rate path but remained confident that inflation is coming to track, while financing conditions remain restrictive.
In a more straightforward language, ECB committee member, Pierre Wunsch has signaled four more interest rate cuts to a terminal rate of about 2%.
These comments confirm the market view that the European Central Bank will cut interest rates more aggressively than the Bank of England. The weak economic outlook in the region and the uncertain political scenario in Germany and France are pressuring the ECB to ease borrowing costs to stimulate economic growth.
In the UK, on the other hand, the economy is showing a more encouraging outlook. Employment grew beyond expectations with wages surging in the three months to October, Inflation picked up in November, also if the acceleration of the core CPI failed to meet expectations.
In this context, the BoE is expected to keep its Bank Rate on hold at the current 4.75% level on Thursday. The market is expecting between two and three rate cuts next year, a slower pace of monetary easing which is likely to favour the Pound against the Common Currency.
Central Banks have a key mandate which is making sure that there is price stability in a country or region. Economies are constantly facing inflation or deflation when prices for certain goods and services are fluctuating. Constant rising prices for the same goods means inflation, constant lowered prices for the same goods means deflation. It is the task of the central bank to keep the demand in line by tweaking its policy rate. For the biggest central banks like the US Federal Reserve (Fed), the European Central Bank (ECB) or the Bank of England (BoE), the mandate is to keep inflation close to 2%.
A central bank has one important tool at its disposal to get inflation higher or lower, and that is by tweaking its benchmark policy rate, commonly known as interest rate. On pre-communicated moments, the central bank will issue a statement with its policy rate and provide additional reasoning on why it is either remaining or changing (cutting or hiking) it. Local banks will adjust their savings and lending rates accordingly, which in turn will make it either harder or easier for people to earn on their savings or for companies to take out loans and make investments in their businesses. When the central bank hikes interest rates substantially, this is called monetary tightening. When it is cutting its benchmark rate, it is called monetary easing.
A central bank is often politically independent. Members of the central bank policy board are passing through a series of panels and hearings before being appointed to a policy board seat. Each member in that board often has a certain conviction on how the central bank should control inflation and the subsequent monetary policy. Members that want a very loose monetary policy, with low rates and cheap lending, to boost the economy substantially while being content to see inflation slightly above 2%, are called ‘doves’. Members that rather want to see higher rates to reward savings and want to keep a lit on inflation at all time are called ‘hawks’ and will not rest until inflation is at or just below 2%.
Normally, there is a chairman or president who leads each meeting, needs to create a consensus between the hawks or doves and has his or her final say when it would come down to a vote split to avoid a 50-50 tie on whether the current policy should be adjusted. The chairman will deliver speeches which often can be followed live, where the current monetary stance and outlook is being communicated. A central bank will try to push forward its monetary policy without triggering violent swings in rates, equities, or its currency. All members of the central bank will channel their stance toward the markets in advance of a policy meeting event. A few days before a policy meeting takes place until the new policy has been communicated, members are forbidden to talk publicly. This is called the blackout period.
The EUR/GBP cross holds positive ground near 0.8275, snapping the two-day losing streak during the early European session on Wednesday. The Pound Sterling (GBP) weakens after the UK November Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation data. Later on Wednesday, traders will keep an eye on the Eurozone Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) report.
Data released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) on Wednesday showed that the UK CPI rose by 2.6% YoY in November, compared to a 2.3% growth seen in October. The reading was in line with the market consensus of 2.6% and stayed well above the Bank of England’s (BoE) 2.0% target.
Meanwhile, the Core CPI, excluding volatile food and energy items, climbed by 3.5% YoY in November versus a 3.3% increase in October, missing the estimation of 3.6%. On a monthly basis, the UK CPI inflation eased to 0.1% in November from 0.6% in October. The markets expect a 0.1% print in the reported month. The UK inflation report failed to boost the GBP and acts as a tailwind for EUR/GBP.
The European Central Bank (ECB) lowered its key rates last week for the fourth time this year and signaled for further rate cuts as inflation risks ease. During the press conference, the ECB President Christine Lagarde said, “The direction of travel is clear, and we expect to lower interest rates further.” The dovish remarks from the ECB policymakers might weigh on the Euro (EUR) against the GBP. Furthermore, the concerns about the weak economy and uncertainty about potential tariffs in the US could contribute to the shared currency’s downside.
The Pound Sterling (GBP) is the oldest currency in the world (886 AD) and the official currency of the United Kingdom. It is the fourth most traded unit for foreign exchange (FX) in the world, accounting for 12% of all transactions, averaging $630 billion a day, according to 2022 data. Its key trading pairs are GBP/USD, also known as ‘Cable’, which accounts for 11% of FX, GBP/JPY, or the ‘Dragon’ as it is known by traders (3%), and EUR/GBP (2%). The Pound Sterling is issued by the Bank of England (BoE).
The single most important factor influencing the value of the Pound Sterling is monetary policy decided by the Bank of England. The BoE bases its decisions on whether it has achieved its primary goal of “price stability” – a steady inflation rate of around 2%. Its primary tool for achieving this is the adjustment of interest rates. When inflation is too high, the BoE will try to rein it in by raising interest rates, making it more expensive for people and businesses to access credit. This is generally positive for GBP, as higher interest rates make the UK a more attractive place for global investors to park their money. When inflation falls too low it is a sign economic growth is slowing. In this scenario, the BoE will consider lowering interest rates to cheapen credit so businesses will borrow more to invest in growth-generating projects.
Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact the value of the Pound Sterling. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, and employment can all influence the direction of the GBP. A strong economy is good for Sterling. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the BoE to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen GBP. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Pound Sterling is likely to fall.
Another significant data release for the Pound Sterling is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period. If a country produces highly sought-after exports, its currency will benefit purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.
UK labour statistics published this morning are generally quite hawkish for Bank of England expectations, and are leading to a stronger Pound Sterling (GBP), ING’s FX analyst Francesco Pesole notes.
“Headline 3M/3M employment slowed only modestly to 173k in October, against expectations for only 5k. That is, however, an unrealiable measure and may be ignored. The same is true for the unemployment rate, which remained at 4.3%.”
What is really important for the Bank of England is the surprise acceleration in wages. Both headline weekly earnings and the ex-bonus measure accelerated again above 5.0%. Crucially, this acceleration is all concentrated in the private sector (where wages grew 12% on a month-on-month annualised basis), where pay trends are more intrinsically linked to wider economic trends.”
“There are still indications that the jobs market market is cooling – e.g., lower vacancies than pre-Covid – but clearly today’s data is offering a reason for hawks to get louder in the MPC. Ultimately, there is a compelling case for EUR/GBP to stay below 0.830 in the near term, with risks still skewed to the downside as the BoE will highly likely stay on hold this week, highlighting the striking policy divergence with a dovish ECB.”
EUR/GBP extends its losses for the second successive session, trading around 0.8260 during the early European hours on Tuesday. The EUR/GBP cross faces challenges as the Pound Sterling (GBP) recovers its losses after the release of UK jobs data.
The UK ILO Unemployment Rate stayed unchanged at 4.3% in the three months to October, the data published by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) showed on Tuesday. The reading matched the market estimate of 4.3% in the reported period. Meanwhile, Employment Change reported the number of employed individuals rose by 173,000, against the previous 253,000 increase. Moreover, Claimant Count Change reported 0.3K jobless benefits claims for November, drastically lower than the expected 28.2K.
Traders will shift their focus toward the Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation figures on Wednesday, ahead of the Bank of England's (BoE) rate decision on Thursday. The BoE is widely expected to maintain interest rates, with an anticipated eight-to-one vote split, as one notably dovish policymaker is likely to support a rate cut.
On Monday, ECB President Christine Lagarde spoke at the Annual Economics Conference, indicating that the ECB is prepared to cut rates further if incoming data confirm that disinflation remains on track. Lagarde also signaled a shift in policy stance, noting that the previous bias toward maintaining "sufficiently restrictive" rates is no longer warranted.
Data showed on Monday that Eurozone PMI figures exceeded expectations in December; however, Services PMI surveys remain in contraction territory amid growing concerns about a deepening economic slowdown in Europe, which continues to weigh on investor and business sentiment. Traders are expected to focus on mid-tier German data, including December's Business Climate and Current Assessment reports from the CESifo Group.
Labor market conditions are a key element to assess the health of an economy and thus a key driver for currency valuation. High employment, or low unemployment, has positive implications for consumer spending and thus economic growth, boosting the value of the local currency. Moreover, a very tight labor market – a situation in which there is a shortage of workers to fill open positions – can also have implications on inflation levels and thus monetary policy as low labor supply and high demand leads to higher wages.
The pace at which salaries are growing in an economy is key for policymakers. High wage growth means that households have more money to spend, usually leading to price increases in consumer goods. In contrast to more volatile sources of inflation such as energy prices, wage growth is seen as a key component of underlying and persisting inflation as salary increases are unlikely to be undone. Central banks around the world pay close attention to wage growth data when deciding on monetary policy.
The weight that each central bank assigns to labor market conditions depends on its objectives. Some central banks explicitly have mandates related to the labor market beyond controlling inflation levels. The US Federal Reserve (Fed), for example, has the dual mandate of promoting maximum employment and stable prices. Meanwhile, the European Central Bank’s (ECB) sole mandate is to keep inflation under control. Still, and despite whatever mandates they have, labor market conditions are an important factor for policymakers given its significance as a gauge of the health of the economy and their direct relationship to inflation.
EUR/GBP moves sideways following two days of gains, trading around 0.8320 during the European hours on Monday. Traders are awaiting Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) data from both economies to gauge private business activities for both the manufacturing and services sectors.
On Monday, ECB President Christine Lagarde spoke at the Annual Economics Conference, indicating that the ECB is prepared to cut rates further if incoming data confirm that disinflation remains on track. Lagarde also signaled a shift in policy stance, noting that the previous bias toward maintaining "sufficiently restrictive" rates is no longer warranted.
The EUR/GBP cross gained ground as the Euro received support following President Emmanuel Macron's appointment of centrist ally François Bayrou as France's Prime Minister, raising hopes for political stability. Macron had pledged to swiftly select a new candidate after Michel Barnier was forced to resign following a confidence vote in Parliament.
Moreover, European Central Bank (ECB) Governing Council member Robert Holzmann said on Friday that cutting interest rates solely to stimulate the economy would be a mistake. According to Holzmann, the ECB’s primary responsibility is to ensure price stability, not to fuel economic growth. "Lowering rates now to boost the economy would contradict our current stance," he said, as reported by Bloomberg.
The upside of the EUR/GBP cross could be limited as the Pound Sterling (GBP) may appreciate due to the increased likelihood of the Bank of England (BoE) adopting a gradual pace of policy easing compared to other central banks in Europe and North America. The BoE and other forecasting bodies expect that inflation will rise next year in the wake of UK finance minister Rachel Reeves' big-spending budget. However, BoE Governor Andrew Bailey indicated four interest rate cuts in 2025, which could limit the upside of the British Pound (GBP) and support the EUR/GBP cross.
Interest rates are charged by financial institutions on loans to borrowers and are paid as interest to savers and depositors. They are influenced by base lending rates, which are set by central banks in response to changes in the economy. Central banks normally have a mandate to ensure price stability, which in most cases means targeting a core inflation rate of around 2%. If inflation falls below target the central bank may cut base lending rates, with a view to stimulating lending and boosting the economy. If inflation rises substantially above 2% it normally results in the central bank raising base lending rates in an attempt to lower inflation.
Higher interest rates generally help strengthen a country’s currency as they make it a more attractive place for global investors to park their money.
Higher interest rates overall weigh on the price of Gold because they increase the opportunity cost of holding Gold instead of investing in an interest-bearing asset or placing cash in the bank. If interest rates are high that usually pushes up the price of the US Dollar (USD), and since Gold is priced in Dollars, this has the effect of lowering the price of Gold.
The Fed funds rate is the overnight rate at which US banks lend to each other. It is the oft-quoted headline rate set by the Federal Reserve at its FOMC meetings. It is set as a range, for example 4.75%-5.00%, though the upper limit (in that case 5.00%) is the quoted figure. Market expectations for future Fed funds rate are tracked by the CME FedWatch tool, which shapes how many financial markets behave in anticipation of future Federal Reserve monetary policy decisions.
The usual leaks that follow ECB rate decisions emerged yesterday to suggest that policymakers are leaning towards 25bps cuts in January and March at this point. Markets have priced in a bit more easing risk; swaps reflect 69bps of anticipated easing through March, Scotiabank’s Chief FX Strategist Shaun Osborne notes.
“ECB Governor Villeroy—a dove—went further, stating that lower rates were coming and that policymakers were comfortable with market pricing (of more than 100bps of easing anticipated for the year). The Bundesbank’s latest forecast anticipates virtually no growth (0.2%) in Germany next year. Despite a mild rebound from the intraday low, with the help of short-covering on the crosses, the outlook for the EUR looks pretty bleak.”
“Intraday gains are providing some, potentially bullish, respite for the EUR, with an outside range higher developing around the intraday low. Gains may prove to be short-lived and minor bear trend channel resistance at 1.0505 is yet to be tested. A push above here is needed to drive a little more strength in the short run.”
“Broader technical trends are EUR-bearish though and a net loss on the week for the EUR remains likely—which would heap technical misery on the EUR after last week’s failure to hold above 1.06. I doubt any pickup in the EUR will extend much beyond the mid-1.05s.”
The Euro is rallying for the second consecutive day on Friday and approaches the 0.8300 level after bouncing from a two-year low at 0.8225 earlier this week.
Data from the UK released earlier on Friday revealed that the Gross Domestic Product contracted for the second consecutive month, with Manufacturing production dropping sharply. These figures cast doubt on the UK’s economic outlook and add pressure on the BoE to keep easing monetary policy.
The Pound had rallied about 1.6% against the Euro in December and more than 3% since early August on speculation that the softer Eurozone economy would force the ECB to cut rates deeper than the BoE.
The ECB trimmed its benchmark interest rate by 25% basis points on Thursday and is expected to keep cutting rates at every meeting in the first half of next year.
The BoE, on the other hand, is seen moving more slowly and keeping rates on hold at the current 4.75% next week although further negative data might put this view into question and add pressure on the GBP.
The table below shows the percentage change of British Pound (GBP) against listed major currencies today. British Pound was the strongest against the Japanese Yen.
USD | EUR | GBP | JPY | CAD | AUD | NZD | CHF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
USD | -0.44% | 0.05% | 0.51% | -0.08% | -0.26% | -0.15% | 0.03% | |
EUR | 0.44% | 0.49% | 0.95% | 0.36% | 0.18% | 0.29% | 0.47% | |
GBP | -0.05% | -0.49% | 0.47% | -0.13% | -0.32% | -0.21% | -0.02% | |
JPY | -0.51% | -0.95% | -0.47% | -0.57% | -0.77% | -0.66% | -0.48% | |
CAD | 0.08% | -0.36% | 0.13% | 0.57% | -0.20% | -0.07% | 0.10% | |
AUD | 0.26% | -0.18% | 0.32% | 0.77% | 0.20% | 0.11% | 0.29% | |
NZD | 0.15% | -0.29% | 0.21% | 0.66% | 0.07% | -0.11% | 0.18% | |
CHF | -0.03% | -0.47% | 0.02% | 0.48% | -0.10% | -0.29% | -0.18% |
The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the British Pound from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the US Dollar, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent GBP (base)/USD (quote).
EUR/GBP extends its gains for the second successive session following the release of key economic data from the United Kingdom (UK) and Germany, the largest economy in the European Union (EU) and the world's third-largest exporter. The EUR/GBP cross trades around 0.8280 during the early European hours on Friday.
Data released by the Office for National Statistics reported that the UK Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracted 0.1% month-over-month in October, against the expected increase of 0.1%. Meanwhile, Industrial Production fell 0.6% MoM following a previous decline of 0.5%, against the expected 0.3% rise. The monthly Manufacturing Production declined 0.6% in October, against the expected 0.2% increase and September’s 1% decline.
The British Pound (GBP) may regain its ground due to the increased likelihood that the Bank of England (BoE) will adopt a slower pace of policy easing compared to other central banks in Europe and North America.
Germany's Federal Statistics Office reported a seasonally adjusted trade surplus of €13.4 billion for October, below the expected €16.1 billion and September's €17.0 billion. During the same period, German exports fell by 2.8%, while imports saw a slight reduction of 0.1%.
On Thursday, the European Central Bank (ECB) decided to reduce its Rate on Deposit Facility by 25 basis points (bps) to 3.0%, as expected. Similarly, the Main Refinancing Operations Rate was reduced by 25 bps to 3.15%. This was the third straight 25 bps interest rate cut by the ECB in a row and the fourth of the year.
The upside of the Euro could be limited as ECB President Christine Lagarde acknowledged that officials discussed reducing interest rates by 50 bps. Lagarde said, "Risks to growth are tilted to the downside" as "Trade friction (with the United States) could weigh on growth."
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP), released by the Office for National Statistics on a monthly and quarterly basis, is a measure of the total value of all goods and services produced in the UK during a given period. The GDP is considered as the main measure of UK economic activity. The MoM reading compares economic activity in the reference month to the previous month. Generally, a rise in this indicator is bullish for the Pound Sterling (GBP), while a low reading is seen as bearish.
Read more.Last release: Fri Dec 13, 2024 07:00
Frequency: Monthly
Actual: -0.1%
Consensus: 0.1%
Previous: -0.1%
Source: Office for National Statistics
The Euro remains depressed near two-year lows at 0.8220 following a widely expected 25 bps rate cut by the ECB. The pair has accelerated its downtrend this week and is approaching an eight-year low, at 0.8200.
European Central Bank eased its benchmark interest rate to 3% from 3.25% as widely expected. In a few minutes, President Lagarde will meet the press where she will be asked about the timing of the next rate cut.
The grim outlook of the Eurozone economy, coupled with the political uncertainty in the Regiou’s two main economies is adding pressure on the central bank to ease borrowing costs, even with inflation above target.
In the UK, the economy is showing more resilient, and the heavy spending budget released by the Labour cabinet is expected to stir inflationary prices. That will likely force the BoE to approach monetary easing more cautiously.
The table below shows the percentage change of Euro (EUR) against listed major currencies today. Euro was the strongest against the Swiss Franc.
USD | EUR | GBP | JPY | CAD | AUD | NZD | CHF | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
USD | 0.12% | 0.19% | -0.21% | 0.08% | -0.30% | -0.02% | 0.58% | |
EUR | -0.12% | 0.07% | -0.32% | -0.04% | -0.42% | -0.13% | 0.47% | |
GBP | -0.19% | -0.07% | -0.39% | -0.10% | -0.48% | -0.20% | 0.40% | |
JPY | 0.21% | 0.32% | 0.39% | 0.29% | -0.10% | 0.16% | 0.79% | |
CAD | -0.08% | 0.04% | 0.10% | -0.29% | -0.37% | -0.09% | 0.50% | |
AUD | 0.30% | 0.42% | 0.48% | 0.10% | 0.37% | 0.29% | 0.88% | |
NZD | 0.02% | 0.13% | 0.20% | -0.16% | 0.09% | -0.29% | 0.60% | |
CHF | -0.58% | -0.47% | -0.40% | -0.79% | -0.50% | -0.88% | -0.60% |
The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Euro from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the US Dollar, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent EUR (base)/USD (quote).
The EUR/GBP pair trades cautiously near a two-year low around 0.8250 in the North American session on Wednesday. The cross remains vulnerable ahead of the European Central Bank (ECB) monetary policy meeting on December 18.
The ECB is almost certain to cut its Deposit Facility rate by 25 basis points (bps) to 3% as officials are worried about contracting Eurozone business activity and are confident that inflation is under control.
As the ECB is widely anticipated to cut interest rates on Thursday, investors will pay close attention to the interest rate guidance after President Christine Lagarde. Market experts expect Lagarde to deliver somewhat dovish remarks on the assumption that higher import tariffs by US President-elect Donald Trump will impact the Eurozone export sector significantly. Also, the collapse of the German and French coalition governments would result in a delay in the administration’s expenditure plans.
Meanwhile, the Pound Sterling (GBP) remains an outperformer across the board as the Bank of England (BoE) is expected to leave interest rates unchanged at 4.75% in the policy meeting on December 19. Traders see the BoE keeping interest rates at their current levels as officials have remained concerned over price pressures remaining persistent.
Before the BoE meeting, employment data for the three months ending October and the Consumer Price Index (CPI) data for November are due for release, which could influence BoE interest rate expectations.
The Euro is the currency for the 20 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day, according to data from the Bank of International Settlements. EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% of all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).
The EUR/GBP cross remains on the defensive near 0.8245 during the early European trading hours on Wednesday. The growing speculation that the European Central Bank (ECB) will cut another interest rate at the December meeting continues to undermine the Euro (EUR) against the Pound Sterling (GBP).
Investors might prefer to wait on the sidelines ahead of the ECB interest rate decision on Thursday. The ECB is anticipated to cut the Deposit Facility Rate to 3.0% from 3.25%. It would be the ECB's third straight reduction amid a bleak eurozone outlook. "While there is a strong case for the ECB to accelerate the pace of policy easing by delivering a (half point) cut, a majority of the governing council seems to prefer a quarter-point reduction,” noted Capital Economics analysts.
On the other hand, the Bank of England (BoE) policymakers hinted that they would cut the interest rate gradually. "Signalling from the BoE about gradual rate reductions has been very strong of late, suggesting very low odds of a cut next week," said JP Morgan economist Allan Monks.
Traders are currently betting on the BoE cutting interest rates only three times between now and the end of 2025, lowering the Bank Rate by a total of 75 bps. The expectation that the UK central bank will likely move more slowly to reduce borrowing costs than the ECB provides some support to the GBP and creates a headwind for the EUR/GBP cross.
The Euro is the currency for the 20 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day, according to data from the Bank of International Settlements. EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% of all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).
The Euro resumed its broader bearish trend on Tuesday, breaking below November’s low at 0.8260 to reach its lowest prices in more than two years. A dismal risk mood and hopes of further ECB monetary easing this week are hammering the Euro across the board.
Earlier today, German CPI revealed that price inflation contracted 0.7% in November, highlighting the weak momentum of the Eurozone’s main economy and increasing pressure on the ECB to lower borrowing costs.
The bank is widely expected to cut rates by 25 basis points on Thursday. Investors, however, will be eager to know whether the weak economic outlook and the political uncertainty in Germany and France have altered the bank’s usual neutral forward guidance..
The UK, on the contrary, is showing a more resilient outlook, with the heavy-spending Labour budget expected to stir inflationary pressures. This will likely limit the BoE’s leeway to cut rates in 2025, which is giving a competitive advantage to the GBP.
Central Banks have a key mandate which is making sure that there is price stability in a country or region. Economies are constantly facing inflation or deflation when prices for certain goods and services are fluctuating. Constant rising prices for the same goods means inflation, constant lowered prices for the same goods means deflation. It is the task of the central bank to keep the demand in line by tweaking its policy rate. For the biggest central banks like the US Federal Reserve (Fed), the European Central Bank (ECB) or the Bank of England (BoE), the mandate is to keep inflation close to 2%.
A central bank has one important tool at its disposal to get inflation higher or lower, and that is by tweaking its benchmark policy rate, commonly known as interest rate. On pre-communicated moments, the central bank will issue a statement with its policy rate and provide additional reasoning on why it is either remaining or changing (cutting or hiking) it. Local banks will adjust their savings and lending rates accordingly, which in turn will make it either harder or easier for people to earn on their savings or for companies to take out loans and make investments in their businesses. When the central bank hikes interest rates substantially, this is called monetary tightening. When it is cutting its benchmark rate, it is called monetary easing.
A central bank is often politically independent. Members of the central bank policy board are passing through a series of panels and hearings before being appointed to a policy board seat. Each member in that board often has a certain conviction on how the central bank should control inflation and the subsequent monetary policy. Members that want a very loose monetary policy, with low rates and cheap lending, to boost the economy substantially while being content to see inflation slightly above 2%, are called ‘doves’. Members that rather want to see higher rates to reward savings and want to keep a lit on inflation at all time are called ‘hawks’ and will not rest until inflation is at or just below 2%.
Normally, there is a chairman or president who leads each meeting, needs to create a consensus between the hawks or doves and has his or her final say when it would come down to a vote split to avoid a 50-50 tie on whether the current policy should be adjusted. The chairman will deliver speeches which often can be followed live, where the current monetary stance and outlook is being communicated. A central bank will try to push forward its monetary policy without triggering violent swings in rates, equities, or its currency. All members of the central bank will channel their stance toward the markets in advance of a policy meeting event. A few days before a policy meeting takes place until the new policy has been communicated, members are forbidden to talk publicly. This is called the blackout period.
The US Dollar (USD) is narrowly mixed to a little firmer against the majors in quiet trade. It’s another very light session for data, Scotiabank’s Chief FX Strategist Shaun Osborne notes.
“Markets have little incentive to move significantly ahead of tomorrow’s major event risk in North America—US CPI data and the BoC policy decision. The GBP and MXN are grinding out small gains on the USD so far on the session while the AUD has given up yesterday’s China stimulus-driven bump to slide more than 0.6%, pulling the NZD lower with it.”
“The RBA policy meeting overnight concluded with no change in the policy rate, as expected, but policymakers indicated that they are gaining confidence in the inflation outlook which prompted markets to boost expectations that a rate cut could, finally, emerge in February. Global stock trends look a little soft again after yesterday’s US market losses when the Santa rally appeared to stumble a bit. The S&P 500 is up more than 30% this year so a correction ought not surprise.”
“The charts suggest that the stock rally may be starting to look a bit stretched and might be losing momentum. Soft stocks may have given the USD a bit of a lift in European trade but the roots of the dollar gains seen in the past few days really lie in the strong rebound seen around Friday’s jobs data. In contrast to the ‘seasonal’ soft trend in the USD that we often see in December, near-term risks appear geared towards a bit more strength in the DXY towards 106.75. Support is 106.00/05.”
The EUR/GBP cross trades with mild gains around 0.8280 during the early European session on Tuesday. However, the upside for the cross might be limited as the rising bets that the Bank of England (BoE) will stick to a gradual script for rate cuts provide some support to the Pound Sterling (GBP) against the Euro (EUR).
The BoE policymaker Swati Dhingra warned that high interest rates are bearing down on the economy by curbing consumer spending and business investment. Dhingra added that she is in favor of “gradual” interest rate reductions and that the long-term neutral interest rate is likely to be in the range of 2.5% to 3.5%.
The expectation that the UK central bank cuts interest rates more gradually compared with other major central banks could lift the GBP. Markets expect the BOE to leave rates unchanged at 4.75% at its December meeting but expect rates to be cut by a further 75 basis points (bps) in total next year.
On the Euro front, markets expect the European Central Bank (ECB) to lower its key deposit rate by a quarter percentage point to 3% on Thursday. Investors then expect five more 25 bps rate cuts next year that will bring down the deposit rate to 1.75%, according to the LSEG. The ECB President Lagarde’s press conference and the updated macroeconomic projections will be closely watched. The ECB is expected to lower its inflation and real GDP growth predictions, which might result in a downward adjustment to ECB easing expectations, weighing on the shared currency.
The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy for the region. The ECB primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means keeping inflation at around 2%. Its primary tool for achieving this is by raising or lowering interest rates. Relatively high interest rates will usually result in a stronger Euro and vice versa. The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde.
In extreme situations, the European Central Bank can enact a policy tool called Quantitative Easing. QE is the process by which the ECB prints Euros and uses them to buy assets – usually government or corporate bonds – from banks and other financial institutions. QE usually results in a weaker Euro. QE is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the objective of price stability. The ECB used it during the Great Financial Crisis in 2009-11, in 2015 when inflation remained stubbornly low, as well as during the covid pandemic.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse of QE. It is undertaken after QE when an economic recovery is underway and inflation starts rising. Whilst in QE the European Central Bank (ECB) purchases government and corporate bonds from financial institutions to provide them with liquidity, in QT the ECB stops buying more bonds, and stops reinvesting the principal maturing on the bonds it already holds. It is usually positive (or bullish) for the Euro.
The EUR/GBP pair ticks lower to near 0.8285 in Friday’s North American session after struggling to extend Thursday’s recovery above the key resistance of 0.8300. The cross drops as the Pound Sterling (GBP) performs strongly across the board on expectations that the Bank of England (BoE) will be among those central banks whose policy-easing cycle will be slowest.
Financial market participants expect the BoE to follow a gradual rate-cut approach on the assumption that price pressures in the United Kingdom (UK) economy are persistent. At the Global Boardroom event organized by the Financial Times (FT) on Thursday, BoE Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) external member Megan Greene said, “I suspect we'll hit our inflation target by the end of our forecast period, which is three years.”
While the UK economic calendar has nothing much to offer in a period of a week, the British currency is expected to be influenced by the market expectations for the BoE likely interest rate decision on December 19. Traders expect the BoE to leave interest rates unchanged by 4.75%.
Meanwhile, the Euro (EUR) rebounded after the European Commission spokesman Balazs Ujavri commented that the impact of French political turmoil would be limited and contained. "We follow very closely what is going on in France,” and "What we see for now is that the economic effect is rather contained and limited. The macroeconomic situation in France remains stable," Ujavri said, Reuters reported.
Michel Barnier’s government in the French economy collapsed after losing the no-confidence vote, which was proposed by the Far Right and the Left-wing.
However, the Euro’s upside remains limited as the European Central Bank (ECB) is widely anticipated to cut interest rates in its policy meeting on Thursday. Traders expect the ECB to cut is Deposit Facility Rate by 25 basis points (bps) to 3%.
The Euro is the currency for the 20 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day, according to data from the Bank of International Settlements. EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% of all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).
GBP:USD briefly sold off and then recovered after Bank of England (BoE) Governor Andrew Bailey seemed to confirm that the bank was looking at four rate cuts over the next year. EUR/GBP to stay gently offered, ING’s FX analyst Chris Turner notes.
“Elsewhere, GBP:USD briefly sold off and then recovered after Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey seemed to confirm that the BoE was looking at four rate cuts over the next year, with the market only pricing three. However, those remarks did look a bit 'technical' – in that they merely confirmed what the BoE had been using in its models for its forecasts.”
“Expect EUR/GBP to stay gently offered and look out for inflation expectations at 1030CET today and a speech by BoE hawk, Megan Greene, at 18CET.”
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