The Indian Rupee (INR) trades with mild gains on Thursday amid the modest decline of the US Dollar (USD). The INR depreciation on Wednesday underscores the pressure from local importers and oil companies demanding USD. Furthermore, the rise in crude oil prices might contribute to the INR’s downside as India is the third largest consumer of crude oil in the world, after the United States and China.
Nonetheless, the significant inflows into Indian equities and bond markets could boost the INR in the near term. Meanwhile, the speculation that the US Federal Reserve (Fed) might cut the interest rate two times in 2024, beginning in September, might undermine the Greenback and create a headwind for the pair.
Looking ahead, the US weekly Initial Jobless Claims, Building Permits, Housing Starts and the Philly Fed Manufacturing Index will be released on Thursday. The attention will shift to the Indian HSBC Manufacturing and Services PMI on Friday, along with the US S&P Global PMI reports.
The Indian Rupee trades stronger on the day. The USD/INR pair maintains the constructive outlook unchanged above the key 100-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) on the daily chart. Nonetheless, further consolidation looks favorable amid the neutral level of the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI).
In the bullish case, the first upside target for the pair will emerge at 83.55 (high of June 18). The next barrier is located at 83.72 (high of April 17) and then the 84.00 psychological level.
On the flip side, the key support level is seen near 83.30, the 100-day EMA. Any follow-through selling below this level will pave the way to 83.00 (round figure), followed by 82.78 (low of January 15).
The Indian Rupee (INR) is one of the most sensitive currencies to external factors. The price of Crude Oil (the country is highly dependent on imported Oil), the value of the US Dollar – most trade is conducted in USD – and the level of foreign investment, are all influential. Direct intervention by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in FX markets to keep the exchange rate stable, as well as the level of interest rates set by the RBI, are further major influencing factors on the Rupee.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) actively intervenes in forex markets to maintain a stable exchange rate, to help facilitate trade. In addition, the RBI tries to maintain the inflation rate at its 4% target by adjusting interest rates. Higher interest rates usually strengthen the Rupee. This is due to the role of the ‘carry trade’ in which investors borrow in countries with lower interest rates so as to place their money in countries’ offering relatively higher interest rates and profit from the difference.
Macroeconomic factors that influence the value of the Rupee include inflation, interest rates, the economic growth rate (GDP), the balance of trade, and inflows from foreign investment. A higher growth rate can lead to more overseas investment, pushing up demand for the Rupee. A less negative balance of trade will eventually lead to a stronger Rupee. Higher interest rates, especially real rates (interest rates less inflation) are also positive for the Rupee. A risk-on environment can lead to greater inflows of Foreign Direct and Indirect Investment (FDI and FII), which also benefit the Rupee.
Higher inflation, particularly, if it is comparatively higher than India’s peers, is generally negative for the currency as it reflects devaluation through oversupply. Inflation also increases the cost of exports, leading to more Rupees being sold to purchase foreign imports, which is Rupee-negative. At the same time, higher inflation usually leads to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raising interest rates and this can be positive for the Rupee, due to increased demand from international investors. The opposite effect is true of lower inflation.
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