The US Dollar Index (DXY) is presently fluctuating in the vicinity of 103.70, exhibiting minor losses on Monday. The market remains focused on potential variations in line with the flow of incoming data, including the key Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) figures from February set for release later in the week.
The US labor market continues to influence the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) easing cycle, which is predicted to commence in June. This suggests that the Fed may adopt a more dovish stance in case a slowdown in employment is seen. The dovish outlook, inherently indicative of lower interest rates and near-term cuts, could potentially lead to a weaker US Dollar.
The technical outlook for DXY indicates a somewhat convoluted scenario. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) showcases a negative posture with a descending trajectory, urging a comprehensive bearish momentum for the index in the short term. Similarly, the visible rise in red bars in the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) corroborates the increasing selling momentum, providing further weight to the bearish perspective.
In contradiction, the Simple Moving Averages (SMAs) paint a different picture entirely on the broader scale. Despite the bears asserting their presence by pushing the DXY below the 20 and 100-day SMAs, it remains notably above the 200-day SMA. This firm positioning suggests that the bulls are anything but phased, maintaining control over the larger time horizon. Consequently, while the immediate outlook may have the scales tipped in the bear's favor, the ongoing bullish undercurrent cannot be ignored.
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022.
Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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