The Euro (EUR) is paring some gains at Friday’s European session, trading at around 1.0960 against the US Dollar, following a rejection at November’s high. The Euro’s retreat came as Eurozone business activity data disappointed, casting doubts on the European Central Bank’s (ECB) hawkish message.
December’s Preliminary HCOB Services PMI fell to 48.1 from 48.7 in November, against expectations of a moderate improvement to 49. The data suggests that the Eurozone’s key services sector’s activity contracted at a faster pace than in the previous month.
Likewise, the Manufacturing PMI remained unchanged at 44.2, when the market anticipated an improvement to 44.6. Any PMI reading below 50 signals contraction.
These figures suggest the weak contribution to the GDP by both sectors. This raises questions about the bank’s ability to keep the interest rates at high levels for a long time, as ECB President Christine Lagarde pledged after Thursday’s monetary policy meeting.
Later today, the US S&P Global PMIs and the NY Empire State Manufacturing Index are expected to come in line with the idea of a soft landing for the US economy, which might add negative pressure on the US Dollar.
The Euro rally from last week's lows near 1.0700 has been capped right at November’s high of 1.1010, and the pair pulled back. The near-term bullish trend is still active as downside attempts remain contained above 1.0955.
The pair is going through a corrective reversal after reaching heavily oversold levels on intraday charts. Support at the mentioned 1.0955 is closing the path towards the 4-hour 100 Simple Moving Average (SMA) at 1.0879, which would increase the bearish pressure toward last week’s lows at 1.0730.
On the upside, the Euro should breach 1.1010 to regain bullish momentum and aim for the August high, at 1.1060, ahead of the July 24 and 27 high, at 1.1150.
The Euro is the currency for the 20 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day.
EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% off all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).
The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy.
The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means either controlling inflation or stimulating growth. Its primary tool is the raising or lowering of interest rates. Relatively high interest rates – or the expectation of higher rates – will usually benefit the Euro and vice versa.
The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde.
Eurozone inflation data, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), is an important econometric for the Euro. If inflation rises more than expected, especially if above the ECB’s 2% target, it obliges the ECB to raise interest rates to bring it back under control.
Relatively high interest rates compared to its counterparts will usually benefit the Euro, as it makes the region more attractive as a place for global investors to park their money.
Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact on the Euro. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the single currency.
A strong economy is good for the Euro. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the ECB to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen the Euro. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Euro is likely to fall.
Economic data for the four largest economies in the euro area (Germany, France, Italy and Spain) are especially significant, as they account for 75% of the Eurozone’s economy.
Another significant data release for the Euro is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period.
If a country produces highly sought after exports then its currency will gain in value purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.
The S&P Global Composite Purchasing Managers Index (PMI), released on a monthly basis, is a leading indicator gauging US private-business activity in the manufacturing and services sector. The data is derived from surveys to senior executives. Each response is weighted according to the size of the company and its contribution to total manufacturing or services output accounted for by the sub-sector to which that company belongs. Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month and can anticipate changing trends in official data series such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), industrial production, employment and inflation. The index varies between 0 and 100, with levels of 50.0 signaling no change over the previous month. A reading above 50 indicates that the private economy is generally expanding, a bullish sign for the US Dollar (USD). Meanwhile, a reading below 50 signals that activity is generally declining, which is seen as bearish for USD.
Read more.Next release: 12/15/2023 14:45:00 GMT
Frequency: Monthly
Source: S&P Global
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