The US Dollar (USD) is trading into a new reality on Wednesday. Lower-than-expected Consumer Price Index (CPI) numbers for October led to a tectonic shift in all asset classes of financial markets: equities jumped, commodities rallied, bonds surged and in the forex market the Scandinavian and Central-Eastern European (CEE) currencies were the biggest winners on the back of a losing Greenback.
The calendar this Wednesday is again a very packed one: US Retail Sales and Producer Price Index numbers are due to be released. Expectations are elevated after Tuesday’s inflation figures, so the data releases are likely to only dampen the recent euphoria in markets. The US Dollar Index (DXY) is expected to claw back a touch, while traders brace for any headlines from San Francisco, where US President Joe Biden will meet with ChinesePresident Xi Jinping.
The US Dollar had its worst intraday performance in over 52 weeks, with a devaluation of more than 1.50% in the US Dollar Index (DXY). Nonetheless, traders need to watch out as the Greenback could put up a fight. Hopes for even more fading inflation are high ahead of the Producer Price Index (PPI) data, so the odds are in favor of the Greenback to at least erase some losses from Tuesday in the DXY.
The DXY is being stopped around the 100-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) near 104.15. Expect to see a bounce from there with 105.29, the low of November 6, as the market where the DXY should try to close above for this week. From there, the 55-day SMA at 105.71 is the next market on the topside that needs to be reclaimed by US Dollar bulls before starting to think of more US Dollar strength to come into play.
Traders were warned that when the US Dollar Index would slide below that 55-day SMA, a big air pocket was opening up that could see the DXY fall substantially, and did materialise on Tuesday. For now the 100-day SMA tries to hold, though at 103.61, the 200-day SMA is a much better candidate to look for support. Should that level even be broken substantially, a long term sell-off could get underway with the DXY falling between 101 and100.
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022.
Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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