The US Dollar (USD) showed minimal movement on Friday. The DXY index, which measures the value of the US Dollar versus a basket of global currencies, stood flat at 105.90 as bulls seem to be taking a hiatus. The Greenback strengthened after Federal Reserve (Fed) hawks hinted that there may be further tightening, which revived the US Treasury, allowing the Dollar to gain interest.
Despite the United States’ labor market showing signs of cooling down last week, several officials, including Chair Powell, seemed unsatisfied with the progress made on inflation. They spoke with cautious tones, welcoming the recent data but leaving the door open for further tightening in case it is needed. The focus seems to have turned to next week’s October inflation figures from the US.
Analysing the daily chart, a neutral outlook is evident for the DXY Index. What gives the outlook neutrality is the index staying below the 20-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) but above the 100 and 200-day SMAs. Bulls are striving to regain the short-term 20-day SMA. As long as the bears hold the index below this level, the DXY will be prone to further downside.
In the meantime, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) turned flat over its midpoint, while the Moving Average Convergence (MACD) displays flat red bars suggesting that the bears momentum has flattened contributing to the neutral outlook.
Support levels: 105.80, 105.50,105.30.
Resistance levels: 106.00, 106.10 (20-day SMA), 106.30.
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022.
Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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