The US Dollar (USD) tumbled on Thursday, and the DXY index declined to 106.20, driven by dovish bets on the Federal Reserve (Fed) and falling US bond yields following Wednesday’s decision and Chair Powell’s tone. All eyes are now on the Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) report from October on Friday, which could set the tone of the USD in the short term and extend its losses.
The Federal Reserve (Fed) and Chair Jerome Powell welcomed the latest data, which showed that the United States economy remains strong, and noted that the job creation pace and inflation are decelerating. In addition, Powell hinted that the bank has tightened significantly and that in the next decisions, he will consider the tighter financial conditions and the cumulative effects of monetary policy.
The technical analysis of the daily chart suggests a neutral to bearish stance for the DXY Index as the bears work on staging a recovery and exerting their presence. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) points southward below its midline, while the Moving Average Convergence (MACD) histogram displays increasing red bars. Furthermore, the index is below the 20-day Simple Moving Average (SMA), which could pave the way for additional downward movements in the short term.
That being said, the DXY holds above the 100 and 200-day SMAs, pointing toward the prevailing strength of the bulls in the larger context.
Supports: 106.00, 105.70, 105.50
Resistances: 106.30 (20-day SMA), 106.50,106.90.
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022.
Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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