Indian Rupee (INR) trades sideways on Tuesday amid multiple challenges. A pullback in US Treasury bond yields and lower oil prices lifts INR on the day. Nonetheless, the challenges from the Middle East geopolitical tension might boost safe-haven assets like the Greenback and act as a tailwind for the USD/INR pair.
Investors will monitor India’s Fiscal Deficit and Infrastructure Output data for September on Tuesday. The spotlight this week will be the highly-anticipated Federal Open Market Committee's (FOMC) interest rate decision on Wednesday. The markets anticipate the central bank to leave the interest rate unchanged at its November meeting.
The Indian Rupee trades around a flatline on the day. The USD/INR pair remains confined within a range of 83.00–83.35. The upward outlook of USD/INR remains intact as the pair holds above the 100- and 200-day Exponential Moving Averages (EMA) on the daily chart.
Any decisive follow-through buying above the upper boundary of the trading range of 83.35 will see a rally to year-to-date (YTD) highs of 83.45. Further north, the next upside barrier at a psychological round mark at 84.00. On the flip side, the key support level is seen at 83.00, representing the confluence of a low of October 20 and a round mark. A breach below the 83.00 mark could see a drop to 82.82 (low of September 12), en route to 82.65 (low of August 4).
The table below shows the percentage change of US Dollar (USD) against listed major currencies in the last 7 days. US Dollar was the strongest against the Swiss Franc.
USD | EUR | GBP | CAD | AUD | JPY | NZD | CHF | |
USD | 0.62% | 0.81% | 1.09% | -0.41% | -0.17% | 0.23% | 1.29% | |
EUR | -0.62% | 0.17% | 0.47% | -1.04% | -0.79% | -0.40% | 0.68% | |
GBP | -0.81% | -0.20% | 0.27% | -1.23% | -0.99% | -0.57% | 0.47% | |
CAD | -1.09% | -0.46% | -0.27% | -1.48% | -1.27% | -0.84% | 0.20% | |
AUD | 0.39% | 1.01% | 1.22% | 1.47% | 0.22% | 0.62% | 1.67% | |
JPY | 0.16% | 0.78% | 0.98% | 1.26% | -0.22% | 0.40% | 1.45% | |
NZD | -0.23% | 0.39% | 0.57% | 0.85% | -0.63% | -0.41% | 1.04% | |
CHF | -1.30% | -0.67% | -0.48% | -0.20% | -1.69% | -1.47% | -1.05% |
The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Euro from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the Japanese Yen, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent EUR (base)/JPY (quote).
The Indian Rupee (INR) is one of the most sensitive currencies to external factors. The price of Crude Oil (the country is highly dependent on imported Oil), the value of the US Dollar – most trade is conducted in USD – and the level of foreign investment, are all influential. Direct intervention by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in FX markets to keep the exchange rate stable, as well as the level of interest rates set by the RBI, are further major influencing factors on the Rupee.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) actively intervenes in forex markets to maintain a stable exchange rate, to help facilitate trade. In addition, the RBI tries to maintain the inflation rate at its 4% target by adjusting interest rates. Higher interest rates usually strengthen the Rupee. This is due to the role of the ‘carry trade’ in which investors borrow in countries with lower interest rates so as to place their money in countries’ offering relatively higher interest rates and profit from the difference.
Macroeconomic factors that influence the value of the Rupee include inflation, interest rates, the economic growth rate (GDP), the balance of trade, and inflows from foreign investment. A higher growth rate can lead to more overseas investment, pushing up demand for the Rupee. A less negative balance of trade will eventually lead to a stronger Rupee. Higher interest rates, especially real rates (interest rates less inflation) are also positive for the Rupee. A risk-on environment can lead to greater inflows of Foreign Direct and Indirect Investment (FDI and FII), which also benefit the Rupee.
Higher inflation, particularly, if it is comparatively higher than India’s peers, is generally negative for the currency as it reflects devaluation through oversupply. Inflation also increases the cost of exports, leading to more Rupees being sold to purchase foreign imports, which is Rupee-negative. At the same time, higher inflation usually leads to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raising interest rates and this can be positive for the Rupee, due to increased demand from international investors. The opposite effect is true of lower inflation.
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