The US Dollar (USD) measured by the US Dollar Index (DXY) continued climbing higher on Wednesday, rising above the 20-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) towards a six-day high of 106.52. US yields' recovery and positive housing market data allowed the Greenback to find demand.
The focus is on the United States' economic situation as markets await data to continue modeling their expectations on the next Federal Reserve (Fed) decisions. As for now, the strongest case is that the bank won’t deliver any additional hikes in 2023, but Gross Domestic Product (GDP) preliminary estimates from Q3 on Thursday and Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) figures from September on Friday may change those expectations.
Based on the daily chart, the DXY Index maintains a neutral to bullish technical perspective after buyers conquered the 20-day Simple Moving Average (SMA). With a positive slope above its midline, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) signals a bullish stance, while the Moving Average Convergence (MACD) exhibits lower red bars. Moreover, the DXY is above the 20, 100 and 200-day SMAs, suggesting that on the bigger picture, the bulls are in command over the bears.
Supports: 106.30 (20-day SMA), 106.00, 105.70.
Resistances:106.50, 107.00, 107.30.
The US Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the United States of America, and the ‘de facto’ currency of a significant number of other countries where it is found in circulation alongside local notes. It is the most heavily traded currency in the world, accounting for over 88% of all global foreign exchange turnover, or an average of $6.6 trillion in transactions per day, according to data from 2022.
Following the second world war, the USD took over from the British Pound as the world’s reserve currency. For most of its history, the US Dollar was backed by Gold, until the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1971 when the Gold Standard went away.
The most important single factor impacting on the value of the US Dollar is monetary policy, which is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability (control inflation) and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these two goals is by adjusting interest rates.
When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, the Fed will raise rates, which helps the USD value. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates, which weighs on the Greenback.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve can also print more Dollars and enact quantitative easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system.
It is a non-standard policy measure used when credit has dried up because banks will not lend to each other (out of the fear of counterparty default). It is a last resort when simply lowering interest rates is unlikely to achieve the necessary result. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice to combat the credit crunch that occurred during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy US government bonds predominantly from financial institutions. QE usually leads to a weaker US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing in new purchases. It is usually positive for the US Dollar.
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