The Pound Sterling (GBP) stabilizes after recovering from a six-month low as market sentiment improves and Bank of England (BoE) policymaker Katherine Mann calls for a more aggressive approach to bring down inflation to 2%. Last week, BoE Governor Andrew Bailey said he expected inflation to decline to or below 5% by year-end, but added that he doesn’t promise the achievement of price stability in a timely manner.
The UK manufacturing and construction sectors are bearing the brunt of higher interest rates. UK’s factory activity has been contracting, with the PMI gauge coming in below the 50.0 threshold for a long period. To get more insights about the current status of the economy, investors will shift focus to the UK factory activity and GDP data for August, which will be released on Thursday.
Pound Sterling faces barricades near its weekly high at 1.2250, but the pair is expected to extend its upside momentum as the risk-appetite of market participants is improving. The GBP/USD pair has rebounded to near the 20-day Exponential Moving Average (EMA) at around 1.2264. However, the broader GBP/USD outlook is bearish as the 50-day and 200-day Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) have delivered a death cross near 1.2450. Potential support is around 1.2000.
The Bank of England (BoE) decides monetary policy for the United Kingdom. Its primary goal is to achieve ‘price stability’, or a steady inflation rate of 2%. Its tool for achieving this is via the adjustment of base lending rates. The BoE sets the rate at which it lends to commercial banks and banks lend to each other, determining the level of interest rates in the economy overall. This also impacts the value of the Pound Sterling (GBP).
When inflation is above the Bank of England’s target it responds by raising interest rates, making it more expensive for people and businesses to access credit. This is positive for the Pound Sterling because higher interest rates make the UK a more attractive place for global investors to park their money. When inflation falls below target, it is a sign economic growth is slowing, and the BoE will consider lowering interest rates to cheapen credit in the hope businesses will borrow to invest in growth-generating projects – a negative for the Pound Sterling.
In extreme situations, the Bank of England can enact a policy called Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the BoE substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. QE is a last resort policy when lowering interest rates will not achieve the necessary result. The process of QE involves the BoE printing money to buy assets – usually government or AAA-rated corporate bonds – from banks and other financial institutions. QE usually results in a weaker Pound Sterling.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse of QE, enacted when the economy is strengthening and inflation starts rising. Whilst in QE the Bank of England (BoE) purchases government and corporate bonds from financial institutions to encourage them to lend; in QT, the BoE stops buying more bonds, and stops reinvesting the principal maturing on the bonds it already holds. It is usually positive for the Pound Sterling.
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