The Euro (EUR) is pulling back after almost touching year-to-date highs above 1.1000 against the US Dollar (USD) during the early European session, on Tuesday. The single currency is supported by confidence-boosting Eurozone bank earnings, which suggest the sector has weathered the March crisis better than expected. Hawkish comments from rate-setters at the European Central Bank (ECB) further aid the Euro, as expectation of higher interest rates would lift capital inflows into Europe. From a technical perspective, the overall trend is up, with the probabilities favoring longs over shorts.
EUR/USD breaks out of a right-angled triangle (more clearly seen on the 4-hour chart) and unfolds another leg higher, in line with the broader medium-term uptrend that began over eight months ago. The pair is fast approaching the year-to-date highs at 1.1075. The odds favor a continuation of the dominant Euro bullish trend.
EUR/USD: Daily Chart
A decisive break above 1.1075, which was touched on April 14, would confirm a continuation of the Euro’s uptrend to the next key resistance level at around 1.1190, where the 200-week Simple Moving Average (SMA) sits.
For the sake of clarity, the definition of a ‘decisive break’ either includes a ‘breakout candle’ – a long green bullish daily candle that extends above the 1.1075 highs and closes near its high, or three smaller bullish green candles in a row that break above the highs.
Alternatively, a break and daily close below the key lower high at 1.0830 would bring into doubt the validity of the uptrend and could see losses extend down to a confluence of support at 1.0775-1.0800, marking a possible reversal of the dominant trend.
The Euro is the currency for the 20 European Union countries that belong to the Eurozone. It is the second most heavily traded currency in the world behind the US Dollar. In 2022, it accounted for 31% of all foreign exchange transactions, with an average daily turnover of over $2.2 trillion a day.
EUR/USD is the most heavily traded currency pair in the world, accounting for an estimated 30% off all transactions, followed by EUR/JPY (4%), EUR/GBP (3%) and EUR/AUD (2%).
The European Central Bank (ECB) in Frankfurt, Germany, is the reserve bank for the Eurozone. The ECB sets interest rates and manages monetary policy.
The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability, which means either controlling inflation or stimulating growth. Its primary tool is the raising or lowering of interest rates. Relatively high interest rates – or the expectation of higher rates – will usually benefit the Euro and vice versa.
The ECB Governing Council makes monetary policy decisions at meetings held eight times a year. Decisions are made by heads of the Eurozone national banks and six permanent members, including the President of the ECB, Christine Lagarde.
Eurozone inflation data, measured by the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP), is an important econometric for the Euro. If inflation rises more than expected, especially if above the ECB’s 2% target, it obliges the ECB to raise interest rates to bring it back under control.
Relatively high interest rates compared to its counterparts will usually benefit the Euro, as it makes the region more attractive as a place for global investors to park their money.
Data releases gauge the health of the economy and can impact on the Euro. Indicators such as GDP, Manufacturing and Services PMIs, employment, and consumer sentiment surveys can all influence the direction of the single currency.
A strong economy is good for the Euro. Not only does it attract more foreign investment but it may encourage the ECB to put up interest rates, which will directly strengthen the Euro. Otherwise, if economic data is weak, the Euro is likely to fall.
Economic data for the four largest economies in the euro area (Germany, France, Italy and Spain) are especially significant, as they account for 75% of the Eurozone’s economy.
Another significant data release for the Euro is the Trade Balance. This indicator measures the difference between what a country earns from its exports and what it spends on imports over a given period.
If a country produces highly sought after exports then its currency will gain in value purely from the extra demand created from foreign buyers seeking to purchase these goods. Therefore, a positive net Trade Balance strengthens a currency and vice versa for a negative balance.
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